Later on, kabuki began incorporating other instruments like the. The music of kabuki can be divided into three categories: geza, shosa-ongaku, and ki and tsuke. Geza [ ] Geza includes music and sound effects played on stage right, behind a black bamboo curtain called a kuromisu.
Geza music can be further subdivided into three types. The first type is uta or song. Uta is sung in accompaniment to shamisen playing.
Typically there are multiple uta singers singing together. The second type is called aikata. It involves shamisen music without any singing.
The third type is narimono. Narimono is played by musical instruments besides the shamisen. Shosa-ongaku [ ] Shosa-ongaku encompasses music that is played on the stage and accompanies acting and dancing. Shosa-ongaku includes the Takemoto, Nagauta, Tokiwazu and Kiyomoto music styles. Takemoto accompanies acting.
Nagauta, Tokiwazu and Kiyomoto accompany dancing in kabuki. Takemoto basically recites the parts of the play concerning scenery. The actors attempt to synchronize their lines with the rhythm of takemoto- an effect known as 'ito ni noru' (get onto strings). Naguata is one of the most commonly seen forms of geza. It involves singers, called utakata, and shamisen players, called shamisenkata.
The utakata are seated stage right of the dancing and the shamisenkata are seated stage left. The shamisenkata use hosozao (thin neck) shamisen which produce high pitched tones and are capable of producing delicate melodies. Tokiwazu consists of reciters called tayu and shamisenkata that use chuzao (medium-neck) shamisen. Tokiwazu is similar to Kiyomoto music but it is slower-paced and more solemn. Tokiwazu is also performed onstage. Kiyomoto also consists of tayu and shamisenkata using chuzao.